What is the most common complication associated with the placement of a pulmonary artery catheter?

The most common complication associated with the placement of a pulmonary artery catheter is indeed cardiac arrhythmias. This occurs primarily due to catheter irritation of the cardiac tissue or disruption of the electrical conduction pathways, particularly when the catheter tip is positioned near the right ventricle or the junction of the right ventricle and pulmonary artery.

Monitoring patients during and after the placement of a pulmonary artery catheter is crucial because arrhythmias can lead to significant hemodynamic instability. While other complications such as hypotension, pulmonic valve damage, and internal bleeding can occur, they are less frequent compared to arrhythmias. The risks associated with the catheter placement highlight the importance of careful technique and vigilant monitoring. Understanding the mechanisms behind these potential complications can help clinicians better manage and anticipate issues during and after the procedure.